All across the Riviera, nests of the pine processionary caterpillar are hatching. The young caterpillars, which are covered in toxic, irritating hairs, make a yearly appearance in the region just ahead of the start of spring, signaling a time of worry for many pet owners and hikers.
If you’ve spent any time wandering in the forests and parks of the south of France recently, you may well have noticed the nests of the pine processionary caterpillar. These silk cocoons, around the size of a melon, are distinctively white and candyfloss-like, and sit in the canopy of pines native to the region.
The pine processionary caterpillar is also native to the Mediterranean region, and has been observed in habitats ranging from France and Spain to Greece, Turkey, and North Africa. In recent years, the effects of climate change have allowed the caterpillar to spread its wings further still, with sightings of the caterpillars and nests as far north as Strasbourg.
They have been noted in Monaco too, although the government has taken action to limit their spread by attaching traps to affected trees.
Pine processionary caterpillars can grow up to 40mm long, with a striking orange-brown coloration accented by black bands on a furry body that makes them relatively easy to identify. Their name is derived from their unique method of movement. Once they leave their nests, they travel in single-file lines along pathways and open spaces.
The issue with the species is that the caterpillars are covered almost entirely in toxic hairs. Exposure to these fine, light-coloured bristles can cause significant irritation upon contact. In severe cases, exposure can be fatal.
For humans, direct exposure to the caterpillar’s bristles can result in a painful rash and severe eye irritation. In animals, particularly cats and dogs, symptoms include excessive drooling and tongue swelling that requires immediate veterinary attention. If access to medical care is delayed, applying ice or peppermint drops can help reduce swelling until professional help is available.
Dog owners should be particularly wary of these caterpillars. Given their natural curiosity, which can lead them to investigate the caterpillars up close, dogs that come into contact with the pine processionary caterpillar are at risk of experiencing serious allergic reactions, lesions, and, in extreme cases, loss of part of the tongue or even death.
If a pet comes into contact with processionary caterpillars and begins showing symptoms such as limb swelling or vomiting, immediate action is required. Vets warn against rubbing the affected area, as this can spread the toxic hairs further. Instead, the area should be rinsed thoroughly with water, directing the flow outward from the mouth so as to limit the risk of the hairs reaching the animal’s mouth. Pet owners should also wear gloves and a mask when handling their animal to avoid exposure themselves.
Following initial first aid, pet owners should contact their veterinarian or emergency services such as 3115 to assess the situation and determine if hospitalisation is necessary.
Efforts to control the caterpillar population in the south of France have been in place for over a decade, but they continue to be a persistent problem in the PACA region, particularly between early February and mid-March.
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Photo credit: Rabiem, Flickr